Pneumatic drill.



UNITED STATES PATENT orrron MARTIN HARDSOGG, OF OTTUMWA, IOWA.

PNEUMATIC DRILL.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTIN HARDsooe, a citizen of the United States,residing at Ottumwa, in the county of Wapello and State of Iowa, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Drills, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The present invention relates more particularly to the construction andarrangement of the hammer frame andthe cross head carrying the operatingtool, such as the bit or cutter of a pneumatic drill, so as to have thehammer frame coact with a conveyer or flight for removing the cuttings,dust and fine particles produced by the operation of the tool.

The objects of the invention are to improve the construction of theframe of a pneumatic hammer so as to enable air, or other medium underpressure, to act and op crate the hammer and to be rearwardly dischargedto maintain a perfect clearance in front of the hammer for each forwardthrust or blow of the hammer; to construct a frame for a pneumatichammer so as to provide a barrel, with a chamber for the hammer and forthe shank or stem of the cross head of the tool, and having passages foradmitting air, or other medium under pressure, to reciprocate thehammer, and to discharge the air, or other medium under pressure,rearward from in front of the hammer; to construct a frame having acentral barrel with a hammer there in and having, circumferentiallyaround the barrel, a spiral flange with passages and ports for admittingcompressed air, or other medium under ressure, to the chamber of thebarrel, and ischarging the air, or other medium under pressure,rearwardly from the front of the hammer head; to furnish a frame with acentral chamber, and with side passages and ports for admitting anddischarging compressed air, or other medium under pressure, into andfrom the chamber; to furnish a frame having a central chamber withinduction and eduction passages therefor, and a plug having an inductionpassage in communication with the induction passage of the frame, andclosing the end of the chamber, for admitting compressed air, or othermedium under pressure, to the chamber; to furnish a frame consisting ofa barrel and a spiral flange encircling the frame and eX- tending thefull length of the frame and having induction and eduction passages,both in communication with the chamber of the Specification of LettersPatent.

Application filed April 13, 1907.

Patented June 16, 1908.

Serial No. 367,942.

The invention consists in the features of construction and combinationsof partshereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation showing the hammer frame,the supply pipe, and the spiral flanges on the frame and pipe, servingas a conveyer or flight for removing the cuttings, dust and fineparticles from in front of the tool; Fig, 2 a sectional elevation of thehammer frame, with the spiral flange unfolded in order to clearlyillustrate the induction and eduction passages in the spiral flange, andwith the fluid supply pipe or tube and its flange partly in section andpartly in full elevation; Fig. 3 a cross section on line aa of Fig. 2Fig. 4 a cross section on line bl of Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 a cross sectionof the closing plug for the end of the barrel chamber on line cc of Fig.2, looking in the direction of the arrow.

The drill, as shown, has a head with a plurality of bits or cutters, butother forms of bits or cutters could be used. The arrangement shown has,at each end of the drill head, an outer or end bit or cutter 1, with anintermediate cutter 2 and an intermediate cutter 3, so that the head hasa plurality of bits or cutters. The head 4 is of a shape, as to lengthand width, to receive the bits or cutters, and, as shown, the head has across hole 5 to facilitate the removal from the head of the bit orcutter in line with the shank or stem of the head. i

The head has a shank or stem 6 to enter the chamber 7 of the barrel 8 ofthe frame, and, as shown, the shank or stem 6 has a slot 9 through whichpasses a bar or key 10 secured in the wall of the barrel, and by whichslot and bar the head has a limited end movement for operating the bitsor cutters.

The frame has circumferentially extending around the barrel a spiralflange 11, which extends longitudinally of the barrel from end to end,so as to furnish a continuous spiral pathway of travel around the barrelfrom end to end. The spiral flange 11, at the forward end of the frame,has a projection 12 forming a shoulder 13, which shoulder furnishes arest for an encircling tube, when used with the drill. The chamber 7terminates in a chamber 14 of a greater diameter in cross section thanthe chamber 7, and from this chamber 14, on one side, a port 15 leads,which port communicates with a longitudinal spiral passage 16, formed inthe spiral flange 11, and opening through the flange at the rear endthereof.

The barrel 8 has an interior circumferential wall 17 located between thechamber 14 and a chamber 18; and from the chamber 18 a port 19 leads,which portis in communication with a longitudinal spiral passage 20,formed in the spiral flange 11, and the spiral passage 20, at its rearor receiving end, has a port 21 leading inwardly therefrom.

The port 21 communicates with a cross passage 22, with which alongitudinal passage 23 communicates, and the cross passage 22 andlongitudinal passage 23 are formed in a head 24, having a shoulder 25and a neck 26, with an exterior screw thread for entering the neck inthe end wall of the frame and barrel, as shown in Fig. 2, with theshoulder 25, between the head and neck, closely fitting against the endof the frame and barrel and so that the head with its longitudinal andcross passages will furnish a conduit or passage for supplyingcompressed air, or other medium under pressure, to the spiral sidepassage 20 of the flange. The'barrel has an interior circumferentialwall 27 located between the chamber 18 and a chamber 28, which chamber28 is continued as a chamber or hole 29, which receives the neck 26 ofthe closing plug, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the chamber of the barrel,as a whole, is closed at the outer or rear end by the head or plug.

The barrel has located therein, rearward of the shank or driven stem 6,a hammer having a driving end or head 30 continued as a body 31, guidedand held between the circumferential wall 17, and terminating at itsrear end with an enlarged portion or head 32, guided and held in thecircumferential wall 27, furnishing an abutment or face 33 against whichthe compressed air, or other medium under pressure, admitted to the'chamber 18 from the spiral passage 20, through the port 19, acts torecede or force back the hammer as a whole. The body 31 of the hammerhas a central passage 34 extending longitudinally therein and opening atits rear end through the head 32, from which passage 34, lateral portsor passages 35 lead through the head 32, so that when the hammer isreceded, communication is established with the chamber 28, admittingcompressed air, or other medium under pres sure, back of the rear end ofthe hammer and to the passage 34, for the air, or other medium underpressure to act and thrust or drive forward the hammer as a whole. Thepas sage 34, adjacent to its forward end, has leading therefrom lateralpassages or ports 36, to furnish communication between the passage 34and the chamber 14, for compressed air, or other medium under pressure,to flow from the passage 34 into the chamber 14, and through the port 15into the spiral passage 16, to be discharged at the rear end of thepassage 16 and at the rear of the hammer frame.

The head or block 24 has an exterior screw thread onto which is enteredthe forward end ofv a supply tube 37, for the tube to carry and supportthe hammer frame and the tool and the tube 37 has circumferentiallytherearound a spiral flange 38, forming a conveyer or flight to coactwith the spiral flange circumferentially around the hammer frame andfurnish a means for removing the cuttings, dust and fine particles; andthe spiral flange 38 is hollow and has a passageway 39 into which theeduction passage 16 opens, when thehammer frame is connected with thepipe or tube 37, so that the educted fluid from the chamber 14, in frontof the driving end of the hammer, will escape into the passageway orpassage 39 and be discharged at the rear end of the supply and carryingtube, so as not to interfere with the operation of the conveyer orflight in removing the cuttings, dust and fine particles.

The parts are assembled by inserting the ,shank or stem 6 of the crosshead into the chamber of the barrel and securing the stem in place bythe key and slot, so that the stem with the cross head and tool cannotdrop out in operating the drill. The hammer is entered into the chamberof the barrel 8 rearward of the driven shank or stem 6 of the crosshead, and after the hammer is entered the neck 26 of the head or plug 24is threaded into the end of the frame and barrel, so as to close thechamber of the hammer and have the port or passage 22 in communicationwith the port or passage 21, as shown in Fig. 2. The tube or pipe 37 iscoupled onto the plug 24, so as to furnish a means for supplying air, orother medium under pressure, to the chamber of the barrel, and so as tocomplete the conveyer or flight from the forward end of the hammer frameto the rear end of the tube or pipe 37; and while, as shown, the tube orpipe 37 furnishes the conduit for the compressed air, or other mediumunder pressure, an independent supply pipe or tube could be entered intothe end of the passage 23, for supplying compressed air, or other mediumunder pressure, to operate the ham mer in the chamber of thebarrel.

In operation, the compressed air, or other medium under pressure, flowsthrough the passage 23 from the supply tube 37 or inde pendent supplytube, if used, and through the cross passage 22 enters the spiralpassage 20 through the port 21, to discharge at the port 19 into thechamber 18 and act against the abutment or end face 33 to force back orrecede the hammer, as a whole, into the striking or driving position.The hammer, as a whole, is receded the distance-required to carry theabutment or end face 33 beyond the rear face of the wall 27, so thatfluid can enter the chamber'28 to act against the rear end of the hammerand flow from such cham her through the lateral passages or ports 35into the central passage 34, and act against the front end of thepassage 3% for the pressure against the rear face of the hammer andagainst the end face of the passage 34 to overcome the pressure againstthe abutment or end face 33, and drive forward the hammer, as a whole,and in such driving forward of the hammer the admitted fluid cannotescape from the passage 34 owing to the closing of the lateral passagesor ports 36, with the passing of such passages within thecircumferential wall 17 by the recession or forcing back of the hammeras a whole.

The forward drive or thrust of the hammer, as a whole, causes itsstriking end or head 30 to contact the end of the driven shank or stem6, and drive forward the stem or shank, and with it the head 4 and thebits or cutters, or other tool carried thereby, causing the bits orcutters, or other tool, to act and perform the cutting or boringoperation. The forward throw or thrust of the hammer, as a whole, closesthe ports or passages 35 by the wall 27, and opens the ports or passages36 for communication between the passage 34 and the chamber 14,admitting fluid to the chamber 14 for the fluid to flow through the port15 and spiral passage 16 and discharge at the rear end of the passage16, into the passage 39 of the spiral flange 38 to be discharged at therear end of the spiral flange 38, relieving the striking end of thehammer from any counter or back pressure, and thus giving a clear spacefor the succeeding thrust or drive of the hammer.

The compressed air, or other medium under pressure, from in front of thedriving hammer, has a free passage back through the interior passage ofthe spiral flange around the barrel and the interior assage of thespiral flange around the supp y and supporting tube, so as not tointerfere with the removal of the cuttings, dust and fine particles. Thecuttings, dust and fine particles, produced by the cutting or boringoperation, are received into the exterior spiral pathway furnished bythe spiral flange encircling the hammer frame, and are delivered by theexterior spiral pathway around the frame to the exterior spiral pathwayfurnished by the spiral flange around the supporting tube of the hammerframe, so that the conveyer or flight formed by the spiral flanges onthe hammer frame and the supporting tube will cles, and preventing anyaccumulation of the cuttings, dust and fine particles that wouldinterfere with the operation of the drill, or other tool, and this forthe reason that the cuttings, dust and fine particles are positively andeffectually removed by the conveyer or flight of the hammer frame andsupporting tube, and such removal will be had as fast as the cuttings,produced.

The frame of the present invention, in connection with the cross headand bits or cutters carried thereby, furnishes a drill especiallyadapted for use in horizontal cutting, drilling or boring, and by whichthe frame supplies the air, or other medium under pressure, to operatethe hammer, and furnishes a means for discharging the compressed air, orother medium under pressure, from in front of the hammer head, so as notto create a back pressure that would interfere with the strike or blowof the hammer and the con- Veyer or flight, formed by the spiral flangeon the hammer frame and the spiral flange on the supporting tube,furnishes a means for removing the cuttings, dust and fine particlesfrom in front of the bit or cutter, for the cuttings, dust and fineparticles to be carried away horizontally and not interfere with theoperation of the bits or cutters, or other tool.

The frame of the present invention, with its exterior spiral flange, andthe supporting tube with its exterior spiral flange, can be used forcutting, boring or drilling vertically as well ashorizontally, as theconveyer or flight will operate to carry upward the cuttings, dust andfine particles, when the drill is used vertically; and while thepneumatic hammer is shown in connection with a drill head carrying drillbits or cutters, it is to be understood that the hammer with its spiralexterior flange encircling the barrel, and the supporting tube with itsexterior spiralflange, can be used with a tool head of other formationthan the one shown, and for other purposes than horizontal cutting,boring or drilling.

WVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a straight centralbarrel and a spiral flange encircling the barrel from end to end, thebarrel having a central chamber to receive the hammer and the spiralflange having a spiral passage, for inducting fluid to operate thehammer, and a spiral passage, for educting fluid rearward from in frontof the hammer, with both spiral passages in communication with thechamber of the bar.- rel, substantially as described.

2. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a straight centralbarrel and a spidust and fine particles are ral flange encircling thebarrel from end to end, the barrel having a central chamber divided intosections, one section to receive a driven stem and another section toreceive a driving hammer, and the spiral flange having a spiral passagefor inducting fluid to operate the hammer and a spiral passage foreducting fluid rearwardly from in front of the driving hammer, Withbothspiral passages in communication with the chamber of the barrel,substantially as described.

. 3. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a strai ht centralbarrel and a spiral flange encirc ing the barrel from end to end, thebarrel having a central chamber divided into sections, one section toreceive a driven stem and another section to receive a driving hammer,and the spiral flange having a spiral induction passage for inductingfluid to drive the hammer and a spiral eduction passage for eductingfluid rearward from in front of the driving hammer, with both passagesin communication with the chamber of the barrel, and with the spiraleduction passage opening through the rear end of thespiral flange,substantially as described.

4. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a straight centralbarrel and a spiral flange encircling the barrel from end to end, thebarrel having a central chamber divided into a plurality of, sections,providing a section forming a bearing for a driven stem, a sectionforming an eduction chamber for discharging fluid, a section forming abearing for a driving hammer, a section forming an induction chamber forfluid to act and recede the hammer, and a section forming a chamber toreceive fluid for acting on and driving the hammer, and the spiralflange having a spiral induction passage for fluid in communication withthe fluid induction chamber of the barrel, and a spiral eduction passagefor fluid, in communication with and leading rearwardly from theeduction chamber of the barrel and discharging at the rear end of theflange, substantially as described.

5. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a straight centralbarrel and a spia e-sa discharging fluid at the end of the supportingtube and for the spiral flanges of the hammer frame and the supportingtube to furnish a spiral pathway for positively removing cuttings, dustand fine particles from the front end of the frame, substantially asdescribed.

6. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a central barrel and aspiral flange encircling the barrel from end to end, the spiral flangehaving an eduction passage for fluid, and a supporting tube carrying theframe and having a hollow spiral flange encircling the tube, foreducting fluid andfurnishin'g a spiral pathway for positively removingcuttings, dust and fine particles from the front end of the frame,substantially as described.

7. In a pneumatic hammer, a frame consisting of a straight centralbarrel and a spiral flange encircling the barrel from end to end andhaving a spiral passage for educting fluid from the chamber of thebarrel, and a supply tube for fluid carrying the frame and inductingfluid to the chamber of the barrel for actuating the hammer and having ahollow spiral flange encircling its exterior with the passage of theflange in communication with the eduction passage of the frame foreducting fluid from the barrel, and furnishing, by the spiral flanges ofthe barrel and tube, a spiral athway for positively removing cuttings, cust and fine articles from the front end of the frame, su stantially asdescribed.

MARTIN HARDSOCG.

Witnesses: v

G AoE HEFLIN, ELMER J. LAMBERT.

